In the context of deep international integration and the imperative to transform the development model, high-quality human resources have been identified as one of the strategic pillars of national development. From a political science perspective, this study approaches provincial governments as intermediary institutions between the central and local levels - entities that play a pivotal role in institutionalizing strategies, coordinating policies, and organizing the implementation of human resource development programs. Grounded in the theoretical foundations of Marxism-Leninism, Ho Chi Minh's thought, and the orientations stated in the Documents of the 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the study employs document and policy analysis to propose a three-dimensional analytical framework: (1) Institutionalizing human resource development strategies; (2) Coordinating the human resource development ecosystem; and (3) Innovating and implementing province-specific policies. The findings contribute to identifying the political-institutional characteristics of provincial governments in executing the high-quality human resource development strategy, while affirming the role of the provincial level as an essential link in building a developmental and enabling state in Vietnam.