Primary school principals play a crucial role as individuals re-sponsible for managing educational activities and ensuring teach-ing and learning quality. In the context of ongoing reforms to the general education curriculum, which emphasize the development of students' competencies and qualities, primary school leaders must demonstrate comprehensive and practical school manage-ment capacities. This article explores key theoretical issues con-cerning the development of school management competencies for primary school principals. It focuses on three fundamental com-ponents: professional ethics, managerial knowledge, and adminis-trative skills. Additionally, the article identifies potential path-ways to enhance the management competency of primary school principals in response to the current demands of educational re-form in Vietnam.