Lineage, known as “dòng họ” in Vietnamese or “Tông tộc” in Han characters, symbolize the intricate familial and inter-familial relationships based on shared bloodlines. The proverb “within the lineage, outside the village” has long been used to describe the enduring bond between lineages and the traditional villages in Vietnam. Lineage culture encompasses deep-rooted and sacred values that resonate through generations. This article aims to explore the essence of lineage culture within the context of traditional villages in the Thanh region, focusing on the captivating case study of Hoang Loc Village (Hoang Hoa, Thanh Hoa) in the medieval period. Through this research, we hope to shed light on the distinct characteristics of village culture in the Thanh region, while considering the broader framework of traditional Vietnamese village culture.