Improving experimental competence for students is an essential mission in general education nowadays, helping students initially establish scientific research capacity and is a part of cognitive capacity of scientific knowledge, especially in the study of natural sciences such as biology, physics and chemistry. In this article, theoretical and practical research methods have been used in combination with pedagogical experiment on 85 students, of which 43 students and control over 42 tenth grade students at a high school in Vietnam. The data processed by SPSS 20.0 software shows that using empirical exercises in teaching will significantly improve the students’ experimental competence. The level of students' experimental capacity increased in the experimental class compared to the control class, the results before and after the experiment of the experimental class also changed positively. The initial research result indicates the role of empirical exercises in enhancing the experimental capacity of students, the study also suggested the process of using experimental exercises in teaching to improve students’ experimental capacity. The findings of the research could be important in proposing solutions to improve the academic performance of students in high schools, not only in the area of teaching biology but also extending into other subjects.