Language is one of the essential factors in the formation of mathematical understanding in preschool children. Mathematical language education equips children with tools that not only support the cognitive process and discovery of the world but also build a foundation for the development of thinking and the refinement of the language skills of everyone. The research question: “What factors affect the process of mathematical language education for preschool children?” provides a basis to guide teachers in planning appropriate activities that suit the characteristics of children as well as other conditions. Based on a comprehensive literature analysis, the study identifies the factors affecting the mathematical language education process for preschool children, which are classified into two groups: subjective factors and objective factors. The research result provides an important foundation to propose specific measures to improve the quality of education for children in kindergartens.