The capacity of Khmer cadres and civil servants in the Mekong Delta plays an essential role in implementing the State's policies. The training and retraining of this contingent play a vital role in improving the quality of cadres and civil servants to serve the people. The study aims to explore the factors affecting the effectiveness of policy implementation on training and fostering Khmer cadres and civil servants in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The quantitative analysis method was used to test the research structure. The research results show that there are six factors affecting the effectiveness of policy implementation in training and fostering Khmer cadres and civil servants, including Objectives and content of policy implementation; Execution resources; Coordination between policy enforcement organizations; The socio-economic, political and cultural environment; Capacity of implementing organizations; Awareness and capacity of beneficiaries. Some of the discussed and proposed contents have governance implications that contribute to improving the quality of policy implementation on training and fostering Khmer cadres and civil servants in the Mekong Delta.