Ecological agriculture (EA) is increasingly recognized as an essential approach to ensuring food safety, adapting to climate change, and promoting sustainable development. However, in many localities in Vietnam, particularly in the North Central region, the transition to ecological agriculture models in fruit and vegetable production remains constrained by various limitations and a lack of specific assessment tools. Based on a literature review and international assessment frameworks, this study developed an assessment framework comprising 33 criteria grouped into five categories. The framework was used to assess the current status of ecological agriculture development in fruit and vegetable cultivation in Van An and Dai Hue communes, Nghe An province. A survey of 60 farming households revealed an average ecological score of 13.8 points, equivalent to 41.8% of the theoretical maximum score, indicating a low-to-moderate level of adoption of ecological practices. Environmental protection practices were relatively widespread, whereas the application of science and technology, brand development, and market linkages remained limited. Correlation analysis indicated that land area and household economic conditions were positively and significantly correlated with the level of ecological agriculture development. The study recommends strengthening technical extension services, promoting collaboration among the four key stakeholders (the State, scientists, businesses, and farmers), developing value chains, and building agricultural brands.