Approaching theoretical issues and reflecting the real situation of human rights, civil rights in general and children's rights in particular, is a topic of great interest in legal science in Vietnam recently. The article deals with theoretical issues about human rights, civil rights, in which the child is the direct subject; the current situation of ensuring the rights and some solutions to ensure childen’s rights within the family culture institution in Vietnam. In this article, the authors used the interdisciplinary methodology, including statistics, empirical surveys, analysis and review. The research results contribute the theoritical values to the current literature and provide the Party and the State more evidence to build the regulation, and to increase the legal awareness of the citizens in ensuring the children’s rights, protecting and promoting the great cultural values in the Vietnamese families in the new context.