In the first half of the nineteenth century, facing the economic difficulties, the Nguyen Dynasty implemented policies of agrarian agriculture focus with measures to manage cultivated land, stabilize and develop the agricultural economy. These policies have had a great impact on rural agriculture in the whole country in general and in Nam Dan District, Nghe An Province in particular. Based on the source of land register and historical surveys, the article describes the picture of Nam Dan agricultural economy under the Nguyen Dynasty in the first half of the nineteenth century, thereby contributing to clarifying advantages and difficulties of the land which is considered “the center of Nghe An land” in the development of the agricultural economy.